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The Home Office and other government departments are bringing forward the next stage of police reform across England and Wales in the coming years. ^{5,16,27,33,37} This reform is based on delivering the concept of '21^st Century Policing' aiding the police service's ability to engage and protect the public.

To engage the public, the '21^st Century Policing' vision creates a police service with a clear deal for what the public can expect from the police. At the heart of this vision is the importance of empowering citizens through an enhanced role for the public's voice in policing; driving professionalism in the service through greater freedom and discretion to deliver increased public confidence.

The 21^st Century itself is providing a series of new challenges to the police service such as:

• Constantly fluctuating and increasing threat imposed by serious and organised crime and terrorism
• Need to ensure resilience and performance of the service in regards to changing threats and local needs
• Challenge of the police working together with local government, Criminal Justice System (CJS) and others to deliver further reductions in crime
• New and increasing threats such as human trafficking
• Further reforms to policing structures either brought on by a change of government or in response to the constantly changing threats facing the public

References

1	Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs (2008) Cannabis: Classification and Public Health. London: Home Office.
2	Bassett, D., Haldenby, A., Thraves, L., & Truss, E. (2008) A New Force. London: Reform.
3	BBC News Online, 24 June 2009, 'UN shows scale of UK Cocaine use'.
4	Cabinet Office (2003) Alcohol Harm Reduction Project: Interim Analytical Report. London: The Stationery Office Ltd.
5	Casey, Louise (2008) Engaging Communities in Fighting Crime: A review by Louise Casey. London: Cabinet Office.
6	Children Act 2004 (England & Wales)
7	Child Exploitation and Online Protection Centre (2009) Annual Review 2008/09. London: CEOPC
8	Children's Society (2007) Stepping Up: The future of Runaways Services: A review of services in England, proposing 'a national safety net for runaways'. London: Children's Society.
9	Council of Europe (2008) Council of Europe Convention on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings (CETS No. 197).
10	Council of Europe (2008) Council of European Convention on the Protection of Children against Sexual Exploitation and Sexual Abuse.
11	Department for Children, Schools and Families (2007) Statutory Guidance on making arrangements to safeguard and promote the welfare of children under Section 11 of the Children Act 2004. Nottingham: Department of Education and Skills.
12	Department for Children, Schools and Families (2008) Youth Taskforce Action Plan 2008. Nottingham: DCSF.
13	Department for Education and Skills (2004) Every Child Matters: Next Steps. Nottingham: Department for Education and Skills.
14	Department of Health; Home Office; Department for Children, Families and Schools (2008) Youth Alcohol Action Plan. Cm 7387, London: The Stationery Office Ltd.
15	Direct Gov Press Release, 14 September 2008, 'Keeping Children Safe: the Child Sex Offender Disclosure Pilot'.
16	Flanagan, Sir Ronnie (2008) The Review of Policing: Final Report. London: Home Office
17	Gyngell, K. (2009) The Phoney War on Drugs. Surrey: Centre for Policy Studies.
18	Herbert, N., Keeble, O., Burley, A., & Gibbs, B. (2007) Policing for the People: Interim report of the Police Reform Taskforce. London: TFP Group
19	HM Government (2003) Every Child Matters. Cm 5860, London: The Stationery Office.
20	HM Government (2007) Safe, Sensible Social - the next steps in the National Alcohol Strategy. London: Department of Health.
21	HM Government (2008) Drugs: Protecting families and communities 2008-2018 Strategy. London: Home Office.
22	HM Government (2008) Safeguarding Children Who May Have Been Trafficked. Nottingham: Department for Children, Schools and Families.
23	HM Government (2008) Youth Crime Action Plan. London: Home Office.
24	Home Office (2006) A Coordinated Prostitution Strategy and Summary of Responses to Paying the Price. London: Home Office.
25	Home Office (2007) UK Action Plan on Tackling Human Trafficking. London: Home Office
26	Home Office (2008) Crime in England and Wales 2007/08. London: Home Office.
27	Home Office (2008) From the Neighbourhood to the National: Policing our communities together. Cm 7448, London: The Stationery Office Ltd.
28	Home Office (2008) Tackling the Demand for Prostitution: A Review. London: Home Office.
29	Home Office (2008) Update to the UK Action Plan on Tackling Human Trafficking. London: Home Office.
30	Home Office (2009) Cutting Crime Two Years On: An Update to the 2008-2011 Crime Strategy. London: Home Office.
31	Home Office (2009) Consultation: Safe. Sensible. Social. Selling Alcohol Responsibly. Publication Date: 13 May 2009, End Date: 5 August 2009.
32	Home Office & Scottish Executive (2007) UK Action Plan on Human Trafficking. London: The Stationery Office.
33	House of Commons Home Affairs Select Committee (2008) Policing in the 21st Century Seventh Report of the 2007-08 session. HC 364-I, London: The Stationery Office Ltd.
34	House of Commons Home Affairs Select Committee (2009) The Trade in Human Beings: Human Trafficking in the UK. Sixth Report of the 2008-09 Session. HC 23-I, London: The Stationery Office Ltd.
35	House of Lords and House of Commons Joint Committee on Human Rights (2007) Human Trafficking: Update. HC 1056, London: The Stationery Office Ltd.
36	Lamming, Lord (2003) The Victoria Climbié Inquiry. Cm 5730' London: Cabinet Office.
37	Local Government Association (2008) Answering to you: Policing in the 21st century. London: Local Government Association.
38	McSweeney, T., Turnbull, P.J., & Hough, M. (2008) Tackling Drug Markets and Distribution Networks in the UK: A review of recent literature. London: UK Drug Policy Commission.
39	Ministry of Justice (2008) Consultation - Rules for Mandatory Polygraphs for Sex Offenders. CP (L) 20/08 London: Ministry of Justice.
40	NPIA (June 2007) NPIA Digest. London: NPIA p 25.
41	NPIA (July 2007) NPIA Digest. London: NPIA p 40.
42	Ofsted (2008) Safeguarding Children: The third joint chief inspectors' report on the arrangements to safeguard children. London: Ofsted.
43	Reuters, P., & Stevens, A. (2007) An Analysis of UK Drug Policy: A monograph prepared for the UK Drug Policy Commission. London: UK Drug Policy Commission.
44	Safeguarding Runaway & Missing Children Bill (England & Wales)
45	SOCA (2008) United Kingdom Threat Assessment of Serious Organised Crime 2008/09. London: SOCA
46	Home Secretary Statement to Parliament, 7 May 2008
47	United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime Press Release 'World Drug Report 2009 Highlights Links Between Drugs and Crime'.
48	United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (2009) '2009 World Drug Report'. Geneva: United Nations Publications.

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