Social

Public attitudes and perceptions of the police and crime, 2012 Olympics, migration, an ageing population and high profile incidents such as the Jean Charles de Menezes shooting and G20 Summit are some of the social drivers of change affecting the skill levels of the police over the next few years.

One of the biggest challenges is the 2012 Olympics. With a projected nine million spectators, 33 venues and 15,000 athletes, the police service and partner agencies are tasked with providing safety, security and resilience to the Games, alongside normal levels of policing. The police service will be put under world scrutiny at the games and it is essential the workforce has the right skills in the right places.

Public perceptions currently stand that only one in five believe that crime is falling even though overall crime has reduced by 32% since 1997. Additionally there is a perception gap between national and local crime rates, where local crime rates are perceived to be lower than national. With public confidence in policing remaining a key target it is essential the service effectively engages and communicates with the public.

The diverse population created by increased migration impacts on community cohesion and societal integration which in turn places new demands on the police. In turn the police workforce composition needs to reflect the public they serve. This is a key activity to help fight perceived discrimination and aid engagement with specific communities. High profile cases like the Jean Charles de Menezes shooting and G20 Summit have made a contribution towards shaping negative perceptions of the police.

Social issues such as stop and search see the police service managing tensions and expectations alongside the need to fight crime. Race and hate crime are rooted to social behaviours and attitudes and in turn challenge the skills of the workforce to combat these types of crimes.

The Ipsos-MORI Sigma Scan (November 2006) considered flexible working to be a key driver in the coming years. It was suggested that the uptake of non-standard working patterns is likely to increase across the labour market through such activities as flexible hours, multiple jobs and working from home. As the population ages, flexible working practices is a method to attract a more diverse workforce as the available 14-19 year old population shrinks.



References

1

ACPO Press Release, 16 April 2008, 'ACPO comment on migration and policing'.

2

ACPO, APA, Home Office, HMIC, & Police Federation (2007) The Flexible Working in the Police Service. London: COI.

3

BBC News Online, 25 July 2005, 'Police shot Brazilian eight times'. 

4

BBC News Online, 10 April 2008, Torch lessons for 2012 Olympic Security. 

5

Blaug, R., Horner, L., Kenyon, A. & Lekhi, R. (2006) Public Value, Citizen Expectation and User Commitment: A Literature Review. London: The Work Foundation. 

6

Bowling, B., & Phillips, C. (2003) Racist Victimisation in England and Wales, in Hawkins, D. (ed) Violent Crime: assessing race and ethnic differences. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003: pp. 154-170. 

7

Cambridgeshire Constabulary, (2007) 'The changing demography of Cambridgeshire', p2. 

8

Casey, Louise (2008) Engaging Communities in Fighting Crime: A review by Louise Casey. London: Cabinet Office. 

9

Chakraborti, N., & Garland, J. (2003) Under-researched and overlooked: an exploration of the attitudes of rural minority ethnic communities towards crime, community safety and the criminal justice system. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 29(3): 563-572.

10

Chivite-Matthews, N. & Maggs, P. (2002) Crime, Policing and Justice: the experience of older people - Findings from the British Crime Survey. 08/02, London: Home Office Research Development and Statistics Directorate. 

11

Commission for Racial Equality (2007) A lot done, a lot to do: Our vision for an integrated Britain. London: Commission for Racial Equality. 

12

Commission for Racial Equality 'Monitoring and Enforcement Report 2005-2007' 

13

Commission for Racial Equality Press Release 

14

Department for Communities and Local Government 2007 Citizenship Survey 

15

Duffy, B., Wake, R., Burrows, T., & Brenner, P. (2007) Closing the Gaps - Crime and Public Perceptions. London: Ipsos-MORI. 

16

Equalities Review Panel (2007) Fairness and Freedom: The final report of the Equalities Review. London: Cabinet Office.

17

Flanagan, Sir Ronnie (2008) The Review of Policing: Final Report. Home Office: London 

18

Garland, J., Spalek, B., & Chakraborti, N. (2006) Hearing Lost Voices: Issues in Researching Hidden Minority Ethnic Communities. British Journal of Criminology 46: 423-437. 

19

Gervais, M.C. (2008) The Drivers of Black and Asian People's Perceptions of Racial Discrimination by Public Services: A qualitative study. London: Communities and Local Government. 

20

HMIC (2008) Review of MPS Response to IPCC Report Stockwell 1b supplied to MPA Scrutiny 29th January 2008. London: HMIC.

21

HMIC (2009) Stockwell One - Progress Report January 2008 - April 2009. London: HMIC. 

22

Home Office (2008) From the Neighbourhood to the National: Policing our communities together. Cm 7448, London: The Stationery Office Ltd 

23

Home Office (2008) Chapter 5 Public Perceptions from 2007/08 British Crime Survey. London: Home Office.

24

House of Commons Home Affairs Select Committee (2008) Policing in the 21st Century. Seventh Report of the 2007-08 session. HC 364-I, London: The Stationery Office Ltd. 

25

House of Commons Home Affairs Select Committee (2007) Young Black People and the Criminal Justice System. HC 181-I, London: The Stationery Office Ltd.

26

House of Commons Home Affairs Committee (2009) Policing of the G20 Protests. Eight Report of the 2008-09 Session. HC 418, London: The Stationery Office Ltd.

27

Hudson, M., Phillips, J., Ray, K., & Barnes, H. (2007) Social Cohesion in Diverse Communities. York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation

28

Independent Police Complaints Commission (2007) Stockwell One: Investigations into the shooting of Jean Charles de Menezes at Stockwell underground station on 22 July 2005. London: IPCC. 

29

Ispos - MORI (2006) Sigma Scan.

30

Jackson, J. & Sunshine, J. (2007) Public Confidence in Policing: A Neo-Durkeimian Perspective. British Journal of Criminology. 47, Oxford: Oxford University Press pp 214-433. 

31

Jones, A. & Singer, L. (2008) Statistics on Race and the Criminal Justice System - 2006/07. London: Ministry of Justice. 

32

Lloyd, K. & Foster, J. (2009) Citizen Focus and Community Engagement: A review of the literature. London: The Policing Foundation. 

33

Local Government Association Press Release, 17 October 2007, 'Estimating the scale and impacts of immigration at the local level'. 

34

Mason, P., Hughes, N., Heck, R., Spalek, B. Ward, N., & Norman, A. (2009) Access to Justice: a review of existing evidence of the experiences of minority groups based on ethnicity, identity and sexuality. London: Ministry of Justice.

35 NPIA (October 2007) NPIA Digest. London: NPIA p48.
36 NPIA (December 2007) NPIA Digest. London: NPIA p44.
37  NPIA (June 2008) NPIA Digest. London: NPIA p5
38  NPIA (August 2008) NPIA Digest. London: NPIA p44.
39

O'Conner, Denis (2009) 'Adapting to Protest'. London: HMIC.

40

Office of National Statistics website - http://www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?ID=949 

41

Personnel Today Online, 26 February 2007, 'Superintendents' Association equality adviser accuses police of paying lip service to flexible working'. 

42

Police Oracle Online, 11 June 2009, 'G20: 276 Complaints So Far'. 

43

Presentation by Chief Constable Grahame Maxwell to the Home Office Migration Impacts Forum on 16 July 2008. 

44

Sharp, D., & Atherton, S. (2007) To serve and protect? The experiences of policing in the community of young people from Black and other ethnic minority groups. British Journal of Criminology, 47 (5): 746-763. 

45

Spencer, S., Ruhs, M., Anderson, B., & Rogaly, B. (2007) Migrants lives beyond the workplace: the experiences of Central and East European in the UK. York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation.

46

Stonewall, Dick, S,2008, Homophobic Hate Crime, The Gay British Crime Survey 2008. 

47

Sunday Times Online, 27 January 2007, 'Police chief: 'migrant tide adds to crime'.

48

The Guardian Online, 19 September 2007, 'Increased immigration boosts knife crime and drink-driving, police chief says' 

49

The Guardian Online, 17 March 2007, 'Capital will need 9,000 officers a day to police 2012 Olympics'.

50

The Guardian Online, 8 July 2009, 'Cyber-criminals preparing to target London 2012 Olympics , police warn'. 

51

The Times Online, 24 October 2008, 'Police blunder hides true scale of violence'.

52

Waddington, P., Stenson, K., & Don, D. (2004) In Proportion: race, and police stop and search. British Journal of Criminology 44(6): 889-914. 

53

Wright, Sir Michael (2009) Inquest into the death of Jean Charles de Menezes, Rule 43 Report. London: H.M. Coroner for the Inner South District of Greater London.

54

Yorkshire Post Online, 6 October 2008, 'Fears for Olympics as police forces make cuts'. 



Disclaimer – Content in the website has been supplied by external source/s. Skills for Justice can take no responsibility for the accuracy of the material nor should their inclusion be taken to indicate Skills for Justice endorsement.